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 Call number: SPRINGER-1986-9781468450538:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Statistical Thermodynamics of Alloys Author(s): N. A Gokcen Date: 1986 Size: 1 online resource (342 p.) Note: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5053-8 Contents: 1 Thermodynamic Background -- Consequences of Laws of Thermodynamics -- Helmholtz and Gibbs Energies -- Partial Molar Gibbs Energy -- Activity -- Variation of Activity with Pressure and Temperature -- Depression and Elevation of Freezing Point -- Molar Properties -- Excess Molar Properties -- Analytical Forms of Excess Partial Molar Properties -- Determination of Ge and $$\overline G _i^e$$ of Ternary Systems -- Interaction Parameters -- Other Definitions of Partial Molar Gibbs Energy -- References -- 2 Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams -- Single-Component Equilibria -- Multicomponent Equilibria -- Phase Rule -- Phase Diagrams -- Erroneous Diagrams -- Lever Rule -- Molar Gibbs Energy of Mixing—Phase Diagrams -- ?G Diagrams for Other Phases -- ?G Diagrams for Complex Systems -- Calculation of Phase Diagrams from Thermodynamic Data -- Empirical Rules on Phase Stability -- References -- 3 Statistical Thermodynamics -- Distribution of Independent Particles -- Fermi-Dirac Statistics -- Bose-Einstein Statistics -- Boltzmann Statistics -- Distribution Laws -- Entropy and Related Properties -- Fermions, Bosons, and Boltzons -- Gibbsian Ensembles -- Vibrations of Atoms in Lattices -- Potential Energy Functions -- References -- 4 Theories of Solutions -- Regular Solutions—Zeroth Approximation -- Preliminary Concepts -- Distribution of Molecules -- Equations -- First Approximation -- Approximate Equations -- Dilute Binary Regular Solutions -- Critique of Treatments Based on Permutation of Bonds -- Ternary Regular Solutions -- Regular Associated Solutions -- References -- 5 Long-Range Order -- Ordering and Clustering -- Order-Disorder in Binary Alloys -- Long-Range Order Parameter -- Gorsky, and Bragg and Williams (GBW) Approximation -- Heat Capacity -- More General Cases -- First Approximation -- Enthalpy and Heat Capacity -- Comments on Previous Approximations -- Unequal Numbers of Atoms and Equal Numbers of Sites -- References -- 6 Interstitial Solutions -- Pd-H System -- Statistical Treatment, Zeroth Approximation -- Solid Interstitial Solutes -- Application to Pd-H System -- Other Hydrogen-Metal Systems -- Hydrogen Storage -- Hydrogen Storage Metals and Alloys -- Ti, Zr, Hf and Their Alloys -- Fe-C System -- Wagner Model for Ternary Interstitial Alloys -- Application of Equation (6.106) -- Limitations of Wagner Model -- References -- 7 Semiconductors -- Distribution of Electrons -- Motion of Electrons and Holes -- Dopants in Semiconductors -- Energy of Electrons and Holes -- Concentration of Electrons -- Concentration of Holes -- Equilibrium Constant for Charge Carriers -- Correlation of Band-Gap Data -- Derived Thermodynamic Properties -- Ionization Equilibria -- Fermi Energy in Doped Semiconductors -- p-n Junctions -- Effects of Applied Current on p-n Junctions -- Solar Cells -- Simple Equivalent Circuit -- Tandem Solar Cells -- Calculation Procedure -- References -- Appendix A Engel-Brewer Theories -- Basic Principles -- Nonintegral Electronic Configurations -- Transition Elements -- Correlation of Bonding Energies -- Electron Concentration Ranges in Alloys -- Effect of Pressure -- Multicomponent Diagrams -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix B Estimation of Enthalpy of Alloy Formation -- Empirical Coefficients -- Alloys of Hydrogen -- Ternary Hydrides -- Ternary and Multicomponent Alloys -- Concluding Remarks -- Appendix C Correlation of Thermodynamic Properties in Dilute Solutions -- Appendix D Selected Properties of the Elements -- Appendix E Selected Binary Phase Diagrams and Binary Thermodynamic Properties -- Appendix F List of Symbols -- Appendix G Periodic Table (Mendeleev Table of the Elements) ISBN: 9781468450538 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Keywords: Physics , Physical chemistry , Thermodynamics , Materials science , Physics , Thermodynamics , Physical Chemistry , Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE

 Call number: SPRINGER-1980-9781468436266:ONLINE Show nearby items on shelf Title: Ordering in Strongly Fluctuating Condensed Matter Systems Author(s): Date: 1980 Size: 1 online resource (474 p.) Note: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3626-6 Contents: Ordering in Strongly Fluctuating Systems: Introductory Comments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Theorist’s Ideal Glass -- 3. Systems Far From Equilibrium -- Phase Transitions in Low-Dimensional Systems and Renormalization Group Theory -- 1. Phase Transitions and Some Simple Spin Models -- 2. Fluctuations and the Lower Critical Dimension -- 3. Values of Lower Critical Dimensionality for Some Spin Models -- 4. Fluctuations -- 5. Introduction to the Renormalization Group -- Real-Space Renormalization-Group Method for Quantum Systems -- Upper Marginal Dimensionality, Concept and Experiment -- 1. Phenomenological Description -- 2. Mean Field Theory -- 3. Ginzburg Criterion -- 4. Experiments on LiTbF4 -- 5. Conclusion -- Lower Marginal Dimensionality. X-Ray Scattering from the Smectic-A Phase of Liquid Crystals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Nematic and Smectic A Phases of Liquid Crystals -- 3. The Correlation Function in the Harmonic Approximation -- 4. Experiment and Analysis -- 5. Results and Conclusions -- Appendix: Calculation of  in the SmA Phase -- Critical Fluctuations Under Shear Flow -- 1. Turbidity: TC change -- 2. The scattered light: Anisotropy mean-field lowering of UCD? -- 3. Discussion -- 4. “Moralité” -- Lifshitz Points in Ising Systems with Competing Interactions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. One-dimensional Ising Systems with competing Interactions -- 3. Two-dimensional Ising systems -- 4. Conclusions -- Elementary Excitations in Magnetic Chains -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Magnons in XY-like Magnetic Chains -- 3. The Anisotropic, Classical XY Chain -- 3.1 The Model -- 3.2 Intuitive Analysis at Low Temperature for q = 2 and J = 0 -- 3.3 Energy of a Wall -- 3.4 Number of Walls -- 3.5 Antiferromagnets in a Magnetic Field -- 4. A Simple Dynamical Model: The Almost — Ising Antiferromagnetic Chain -- 4.1 The Model -- 4.2 Collisions Between Two Solitons -- 5. Propagation of Broad Walls -- Experimental Studies of Linear and Nonlinear Modes in 1-D-Magnets -- 1. Real Systems Experimental Methods -- 2. Linear Excitations -- 3. Nonlinear Excitations -- Q-Dependence of the Soliton Response in CsNiF3 At -- T = 10K and H =5kG -- Dynamics of the Sine-Gordon Chain: The Kink-Phonon Interaction, Soliton Diffusion and Dynamical Correlations -- 1. Statement of the Problem -- 2. A Kink-Phonon Collision -- 3. Diffusive Motion of the Kink -- 4. Dynamical Correlation Functions -- The Spin-Wave Continuum of the S=1/2 Linear Heisenberg Antiferrornagnet -- Excitations and Phase Transitions in Random Anti-Ferromagnets -- Neutron Scattering -- Critical Phenomena at Phase Transitions -- Percolation -- Excitations of Dilute Magnets Near the Percolation Threshold -- Critical Properties of the Mixed Ising Ferromagnet -- Structure and Phase Transitions in Physisorbed Monolayers -- History and Background -- Statistical Thermodynamics of Physical Adsorption -- Structural Investigations of Monolayers -- Substrate Influences -- Commensurate-Incommensurate Transition and Orientational Epitaxy -- Antiferromagnetism in 0« Films -- Conclusion -- Two-Dimensional Solids and Their Interaction with Substrates -- I. Collective Phenomena and Phase Transitions in Two Dimensions -- 1.1 Early Theoretical Works -- 1.2 Experimental Situation -- II. Effect of Substrate -- II.1 Two-Dimensional Solids and Adsorbed Layers -- II.2 Substrate Distortion and Related Effects -- II.3 Chemical Potential -- II.4 Substrate Potential -- II.5 Conclusion -- III. Walls and Domains -- III.1 A One-Dimensional Model -- III.2 The Theory of Frank and Van der Merwe -- III.3 Aubry’s Theory -- III.4 Domains and Walls for Dimensions Larger than 1 -- IV. The Pokrovskii-Talapov Model -- IV.1 Hypotheses -- IV.2 Solution -- IV.3 Bragg Singularities -- IV.4 The Pinning Transition -- V. Rate Gas Monolayers on Graphite or Lamellar Halides -- V.1 Introduction -- V.2 The Zero Temperature Theory of Bak, Mukamel, Villain and Wentowska -- V.3 Rare Gas Monolayers on Hexagonal Substrates at T i 0 -- V.4 Effect of Substrate Distortions -- VI. The Novaco-Mc Tague Orientational Instability -- VI.1 General Argument -- VI.2 Case of Parallel Walls -- VI.3 Case of a Regular Network of Intersecting Walls -- VI.4 Finite Temperatures -- VI.5 Microscopic Theories -- Appendix A. Bragg Singularities of a 2-D, Harmonic Crystal -- Appendix B. Interaction between two Solutions -- Appendix C. Partition function of the Pokrovskii-Talapov Model Near the Commensurable-Incommensurable Transition -- Appendix D. Bragg Singularities of the Pokrovskii-Talapov Model Near the C-I Transition -- Appendix E. The Roughening Transition -- The Dislocation Theory of Melting: History, Status and Prognosis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History -- 3. Status -- 4. Prognosis -- The Kosterlitz-Thouless Theory of Two-Dimensional Melting -- Phase Transitions and Orientational Order in a Two-Dimensional Lennard-Jones System -- The Roughening Transition -- I. Introduction -- II. The solid-On-Solid Model -- III. The BCF Argument -- IV. Experimental Results -- V. Monte Carlo Calculations: Qualitative Features -- VI. Static Critical Behavior -- VII. Roughening Dynamics and the Kosterlitz Renormalization Group Method -- VIII.The FSOS Model and Mc Calculations -- IX. Final Remarks -- Statics and Dynamics of the Roughening Transition: A Self-Consistent Calculation -- I. Introduction -- II. Roughening Transition -- III. Two-Dimensional Planar Model -- IV. Conclusions -- Fluctuations in Two-Dimensional Six-Vertex Systems -- Light Scattering Studies of the Two-Dimensional Phase Transition in Squaric Acid -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Light Scattering Studies -- 3. Order Parameter -- 4. Order Flucatuations -- 5. Peak Shape and Width -- 6. Disorder Induced Scattering -- 7. Conclusions -- Monte Carlo Simulation of Dilute Systems and of Two-Dimensional Systems -- I. Introduction -- II. Ferromagnets Diluted with Nonmagnetic Impurities and Related Systems -- III. Models for Quasi-Two-Dimensional (2D) Magnets -- IV. Lattice Gas Models for Adsorbed Monolayers at Surfaces -- Order and Fluctuations in Smectic Liquid Crystals -- I. Introduction -- II. The Nematic Phase -- III.The Nematic-Smectic A Transition and The Smectic A Phase -- IV. The Smectic C Phase and Smc-SmA Transition -- v. Liquid Crystals and Lower Dimensional Physics -- Dislocations and Disclinations in Smectic Systems -- Translational Defects -- Orientational Defects -- Non-Elementary Defects -- Observation of Dislocations -- Dislocation Motion -- “Pair Creation” of Disclinations -- Defects and Phase Transitions -- Fluctuations and Freezing in a One-Dimensional Liquid:Hg3-?AsF6 -- The Model Hamiltonian -- High Temperature Properties (T > TC) -- Long Range Order -- Dynamics -- The Effect of Pressure on the Modulated Phases of TTF-TCNQ -- Spin Glasses A Brief Review of Experiments, Theories, and Computer Simulations -- 1. Spin Glass Materials and Experiments -- 2. Theoretical Models and Concepts -- 3. Spin-Glass Freezing: Phase Transition or Nonequilibrium Effect? -- 4. Conclusions and Outlook -- Random Anisotropy Spin-Glass -- Exact Results for a One-Dimensional Random-Anisotropy Spin Glass -- On Critical Slowing-down in Spin Glasses -- Participants ISBN: 9781468436266 Series: eBooks Series: SpringerLink (Online service) Series: Springer eBooks Series: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, Series B: Physics: 50 Keywords: Physics , Solid state physics , Spectroscopy , Microscopy , Physics , Solid State Physics , Spectroscopy and Microscopy Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com More info: Barnes and Noble Full Text: Click here Location: ONLINE

 Call number: QC278.C79::1985 Show nearby items on shelf Title: Cryogenic Science and Technology with contributions by Leo I. Dana Author(s): Russell J. Donnelly (ed.) Arthur W. Francis (ed.) Date: 1985 Publisher: Union Carbide Corp.: [Danbury, Conn.] Size: 91 pgs. Note: Edited, with commentary by Donnelly and Francis Contents: 1. Early Research in Low Temperature Physics, 2. My Experience at the University of Leiden, Holland, Low Temperature Research Laboratory Sept. 1922 - July, 1923, 3. The Nature and Significance of the Lambda Transiton, 4. Leo Dan's Industrial Career, Appendices: A. Biographical Note on Leo Dana, B. List of Publications by Leo Dana, C. List of U.S. Patents Granted to Leo Dana, Dl. Reprint of Paters by Dana and Kamerlingh Onnes ISBN: 0914096176 Keywords: Physicists - United States - Biography , Low temperature - History , Low temperature - Research - Netherlands - Leiden - History , Cold , Freezing , Dana, Leo I.(Leo Isadore), 1895- Availability: Click here to see Library holdings or inquire at Circ Desk (x3401) Click to reserve this book Be sure to include your ID please. More info: Amazon.com Location: MAIN